Learning Material Sample

Financial crime

3. Money Laundering

It is often hard for criminals to openly use the funds gained from criminal activities, especially if they are carrying out monetary transactions that would lead to them b...

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...ctivities where appropriate taxation has not been paid.

There are several forms of money laundering and it is an international problem, which can affect all industries.

Money laundering is usually a three-stage process:

Placement. Illegal funds are paid into legitimate financial arrangements with reputable institutions such as life assurance policies or building society accounts.

Layering. Layering will involve a number of transactions to hide the original source of the criminal funds. The number of transactions is unlimited depending upon how far the criminal wants to go in hiding the source of funds. Often large sums of money from criminal activities are broken up into smaller amounts before the laundering process takes place.

Integration. This...

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...render values.

Large cash payments

Overpayments

Requesting cover for assets in countries where drugs trade is prevalent

Paying into investments and savings products that have options for early surrender

Large lump sum payments into investments and pension arrangements: by a business or individual

Funding with third party payments or foreign currency transfers

Channelling funds through offshore accounts

Unusual relationships between settlors and beneficiaries

What additional financial crime can be associated with money laundering?

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